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THE RIGOR OF ANGELS

William Egginton

Borges, Heisenberg, Kant, and The Ultimate Nature of Reality

A monumental and riveting account of how a poet, a physicist, and a philosopher pursued truth to the very limits of human apprehension and revealed the fundamental nature of our place in the universe.
Spiraling in the wreckage of a failed love affair, Argentine poet Jorge Luis Borges channeled his devastation into his work, reassessing the slippery nature of our own identities and the way we perceive reality, ultimately securing his place in the literary pantheon. Doggedly fighting against the scientific establishment for his controversial interpretation of quantum mechanics, German physicist Werner Heisenberg dared to accept the experimental evidence at face value, leading him to a principle that has been a guiding light for physicists ever since. Prussian philosopher Immanuel Kant, horrified by the possibility that all knowledge might rest on uncertain grounds, undertook to test the limits of reason, placing human understanding on a firmer footing than ever before. What these three thinkers shared, in addition to their uncommon intellect, was their skepticism - not only of the accepted wisdom of their culture, but also of their own reasoning. What set them apart was their willingness to submit their ideas to the same rigor they would bring to someone else's. In so doing, they made extraordinary leaps in answering some of the most enduring questions about the nature of reality - about the flow of time in human conscious-ness, about the origins and nature of the universe, but most importantly, about the possibility of coming to know reality as it is itself. In an era like ours, in which dogma of all kinds seems to rule the day, the story of these thinkers serves as a crucial reminder that maverick thinking demands submitting our intuitions and even our own deeply held beliefs to the cold light of reason. In their lives and work we recognize that the mysteries of our place in the world may always loom over us, not as a threat, but as a reminder of our humble humanity. WILLIAM EGGINTON is the Decker Professor in the Humanities and Director of the Alexander Grass Humanities Institute of the Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of multiple books, including How the World Became a Stage (2003), Perversity and Ethics (2006), A Wrinkle in History (2007), The Philosopher's Desire (2007), The Theater of Truth (2010), In Defense of Religious moderation (2011), The Man Who Invented Fiction: How Cervantes Ushered in the Modern World (2016), Medialogies: Reading Reality in the Age of Inflationary Media (2017), The Splintering of the American Mind (2018) and What Would Cervantes Do? Navigating Post-Truth With Spanish Baroque Literature (2022).
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Published 2023-08-29 by Pantheon

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...lively intellectual history... As The Rigor of Angels shows, there is still much to be learned from these intellectual giants. Read more...

Humans are ambitious folk; we want to be able to know everything. But the world repeatedly confounds us with limitations on what can be known, and inescapable mediators between ourselves and the truth. William Egginton draws compelling connections between Borges, Kant, and Heisenberg, three of our most audacious theorists of limitation. We are left marveling at how much we are nevertheless able to capture of that elusive quarry called reality.

Medium, "Books That Shaped My Year: A 2023 Reading Retrospective" Round Up by Jason McKenna: "...profound exploration into the interplay between 'being' and 'knowing'..." Read more...

A challenging book that rewards those willing to suspend their prejudice about the fixed nature of reality. Read more...

THE RIGOR OF ANGELS is one of the NYT Notable 100 Books of 2023: "Challenging, ambitious and elegant, this mind-expanding book explores nothing less than "the ultimate nature of reality" through the work of three figures: the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, the German quantum physicist Werner Heisenberg and the 18th-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant." Read more...

This book explores "the ultimate nature of reality," by connecting the seemingly disparate works of Immanuel Kant, Werner Heisenberg and José Luis Borges, each of whom struggle, in their own disciplines of philosophy, quantum physics and literature, with the question of what, exactly, is reality. The genius of each of these men is explored, and while their concepts are often difficult to follow, at times even for them, we are left with a deeper appreciation of their brilliance as well as just how similar their goals were. The ultimate answer to the ultimate question of what is the nature of reality is... well, I'll leave that for you to discover in this challenging, provocative and illuminating book. Read more...

Physicists attempt to explain reality, poets provide our emotional response to it, and philosophers try to establish cerebral connections. All of these endeavors are plagued with uncertainty. Werner Heisenberg, Jorge Luis Borges, and Immanuel Kant struggled with this uncertainty throughout their entire lives. Egginton takes us on an illuminating journey through the fascinating labyrinth created by their intertwined intellectual paths.

UK: Pusking Press (via Knopf) ; China: United Sky ; Greece: Patakis ; Korea: Kachi ; Romania: Humanitas ; Spain: Paidos

This book brilliantly weaves together the core ideas of three of the greatest minds of Western literature, philosophy, and physics into a soul-searching narrative. Egginton masterfully illuminates the paradox of being human, of being caught between the search for the order behind things and the magic of the transcendent, of knowing that we are playthings in the hands of time, as our lives continually fork as we make choices and we become one self while imagining countless others.

Excerpt: "On the 'Inverted Cosmos' - From Aristotle to the Middle Ages" Read more...

...The Rigor of Angels...is a heady but accessible consideration of the question that fueled each man's labors, a line of inquiry that underpins all others: Is the human mind capable of understanding the full scope of reality?... Read more...

... This is a book about the tiniest of things - the position of an electron, an instant of change. It is also about the biggest of things - the cosmos, infinity, the possibility of free will... The beauty of this book is that Egginton encourages us to recognize all of these complicated truths as part of our reality, even if the ultimate nature of that reality will remain forever elusive. We are finite beings whose perspective will always be limited; but those limits are also what give rise to possibility. When we choose what to observe, we insert our freedom to choose into nature. As Egginton writes, We are, and ever will be, active participants in the universe we discover. Read more...

Original Piece by William Egginton: "Why Kant Wouldn't Fear AI" Read more...

Poetry, science, philosophy - for the ancients, these intellectual-artistic pursuits taught us what it is to be human: how to transcend our current station, how to grow and flourish, how to remain humble in the face of mystery and failure. Egginton's The Rigor of Angels is a stark reminder of what each of us can achieve if we only remember what remarkable beings we are.

Interview by Host, Paul Krauss Read more...

Interview by Host, Xavier Bonilla Read more...

The Rigor of Angels is a book of tremendous intelligence and beauty. William Egginton makes the paradoxes of physics, metaphysics, and literature intelligible by showing how these paradoxes shape the limits of the visible world and the possibilities of the invisible one. His writing reminds us that the best humanist inquiry unites the arts and the sciences in the patient pursuit of the truth.

The Rigor of Angels - the title is taken from a phrase in a Borges story - is a remarkable synthesis of the thoughts, ideas, and discoveries of three of the greatest minds that our species has produced. The richness of the book cannot be fully acknowledged in the space of a review. Mr. Egginton advances a great many knotty arguments and propositions, but he is never less than exciting, provocative, and illuminating. Read more...

Egginton traces the invisible threads of revelation between Zeno's thought experiments and Kant's cathedrals of logic, between Dante's cosmogony and the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, between Plotinus and Heisenberg, in order to illuminate and celebrate how that collaborative tapestry of thought has shaped 'our conceptions of beauty, science, and what we owe to each other in the brief time given to us in this universe.

...an ambitious effort to trace "the capillaries of coherence flowing from the particular to the universal," part ode to those who have caught glimpses of that elemental coherence we call truth and part elegy for our destiny as creatures doomed to glimpses only, for we are particles of the totality we yearn to see whole as we go on seeing through our instruments and our theories not the universe but ourselves... Read more...