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Christian Dittus
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English

PURE AMERICA

Elizabeth Catte

Eugenics and the Making of Modern Virginia

Between 1927 and 1979, more than 8,000 people were involuntarily sterilized in five hospitals across the state of Virginia. From this plain and terrible fact springs Elizabeth Catte's Pure America, a sweeping, unsparing history of eugenics in Virginia, and by extension the United States.

Virginia's twentieth-century eugenics program was not the misguided initiative of well-meaning men of the day, writes Catte, with clarity and ferocity. It was a manifestation of white supremacy. It was a form of employment insurance. It was a means of controlling “troublesome” women and a philosophy that helped remove poor people from valuable land. It was cruel and it was wrong, and yet today sites where it was practiced like Western State Hospital, in Staunton, VA, are rehabilitated as luxury housing, their histories hushed up in the service of capital. As was amply evidenced by her acclaimed 2018 book What You Are Getting Wrong About Appalachia, Catte has no room for excuses; no patience for equivocation. What does it mean for modern America, she asks here, that such buildings are given the second chance that 8,000 citizens never got? And what possible interventions can be made now, repair their damage?

Elizabeth Catte is a historian and writer living in Virginia, and the author of What You Are Getting Wrong About Appalachia. She is an editor-at-large for West Virginia University Press and the co-founder of Passel, an applied history and consulting company.
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Published 2021-02-01 by Belt Publishing

Comments

"In a lacerating analysis of the links between economic policies and eugenicist thought, Catte examines coerced labor at Virginia's psychiatric institutions, the destruction of a historically-Black neighborhood in Charlottesville under the guise of urban renewal, and the transformation of Western State into an upscale hotel and condominiums. This provocative and impeccably argued history reveals how traumas of the past inform the inequalities of today." (starred review)

"In this grounded, well-rendered, and highly disturbing account, Catte examines the period from the late 1920s to 1979 at the Western State Lunatic Asylum....A well-told, richly contextualized investigation of an appalling episode in American history." (starred review)

"'The activity of knowing is no less a world-building activity than the building of houses,' Hannah Arendt observes in her lecture “Thinking and Moral Considerations.” Catte's dive into the houses eugenics built demonstrates just how thoroughly and pitilessly a certain kind of capital-backed white knowing shapes the country's built environment to this day. Yet Arendt offers us a pathway to dismantling these prison houses. ... Behind knowing and doing, there is thinking—and thinking is the opposite of world-building: it is world-breaking. ... Thinking doesn't necessarily provide a blueprint for the buildings of the future. Still, Arendt argues, we have a responsibility to gather up the shards left in thinking's wake and 'share them with each other.' In Pure America, Catte does precisely this."