HUBRIS

A new perspective on ancient Athens at the height of its powers, reinterpreting the city's supposed "Golden Age" as a period of ruinous culture wars.

The age of Pericles, in the fifth century BC, is often described as the Golden Age of Athens. The city witnessed a flowering of philosophy, art, and architectureincluding an ambitious building program, with the Parthenon its centerpiece. But as David Stuttard shows in this vivid account, the seemingly triumphant city was in fact riven by conflict and contradiction. Though nominally a democracy, Athens led a tyrannical empire. And for Pericles and his circle, the Parthenon was less a holy place than a propaganda vehicle. Its sculptures carried the message that Athenians, beloved by the gods, were nearly divine in their own rightwhich to many Greeks smacked of hubris.

As long as things went well, Athenian democracy appeared to prosper. But just a year after the Parthenon was finished, Athens was at war with Sparta; a plague killed a third of the population, including Pericles; and earthquakes razed much of the city. In the wake of what seemed like divine retribution, popular outrage against those accused of undermining state religion was so strong that it took the execution of Socrates to lance the boil.

Hubris offers dramatic portraits of key figures like Pheidias, who sculpted the monumental statue of Athena yet fell prey to charges of impiety; Themistocles, who built the Athenian navy but died an exile in enemy lands; and Alcibiades, the psychopathic playboy whose mercurial ego hastened his city's defeat. To understand the Parthenon and the Athens that built it, Stuttard reasons, we must recognize the tensions among the city's rivalrous families, generations, and social classes, whose visions of their place in the world ultimately proved incompatible.

David Stuttard is a historian, translator and theatre practitioner. He is the author of an acclaimed trilogy about classical Athens (Phoenix, Hubris and Nemesis) published by Harvard University Press with Phoenix chosen as a TLS Book of the Year. In addition, he has written Power Games, Ritual and Rivalry at the Greek Olympics and Parthenon, Power and Politics on the Acropolis and co-authored AD 410, The Year That Shook Rome (a Daily Telegraph "Top Read") and 31 BC, Antony, Cleopatra and the Fall of Egypt for The British Museum Press, as well as co-authoring The Romans Who Shaped Britain for Thames and Hudson. David lectures regularly throughout the UK and Mediterranean, and is a Fellow of Goodenough College, London.