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Sebastian Ritscher
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ALL THAT SHE CARRIED

Tiya Miles

The Journey of Ashley's Sack, A Black Family Keepsake

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is the tale of a rough cotton bag now called Ashley's Sack, that now sits in the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C.
Owned by three women whose lives might have been lost to history: Rose, a visionary, Ashley, a survivor, and Ruth, a storyteller, this story cloth captures the emotional texture of black women's lives during and after slavery, and reveals a sweeping family story of loss and love passed down through generations. Ordinary in their time among the roughly four million Americans caged by slavery, they are extraordinary in our time for their production of a rare object of memory and for their bold embrace of a "radical hope."

In 1850s South Carolina, just before nine-year-old Ashley was sold, her mother, Rose, gave her a sack filled with just a few things as a token of her love. Decades later, Ashley's granddaughter, Ruth, embroidered this history on the bag--including Rose's message that "It be filled with my Love always." Historian Tiya Miles carefully follows faint archival traces back to Charleston to find Rose in the kitchen where she may have packed the sack for Ashley. From Rose's last resourceful gift to her daughter, Miles then follows the paths their lives and the lives of so many like them took to write a unique, innovative history of the lived experience of slavery in the United States.

The contents of the sack--a tattered dress, handfuls of pecans, a braid of hair, "my Love always"--speak volumes and open up a window on Rose and Ashley's world. As she follows Ashley's journey, Miles metaphorically "unpacks" the sack, deepening its emotional resonance and revealing the meanings and significance of everything it contained. These include the story of enslaved labor's role in the cotton trade and apparel crafts and the rougher cotton "negro cloth" that was left for enslaved people to wear; the role of the pecan in nutrition, survival, and southern culture; the significance of hair to Black women and of locks of hair in the nineteenth century; and an exploration of Black mothers' love and the place of emotion in history.

This is the poignant story of love passed down through generations of women and a testament to the creativity and resourcefulness it takes to keep and to reveal the histories of people left out of the archives. The sack is more than an artifact. It is an archive of its own, a collection of disparate materials, at one time a container, a carrier, textile, art piece, memory device, and record of events.

Tiya Miles is professor of history and Radcliffe Alumnae Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. She is a recipient of the MacArthur Foundation Fellowship Award and the Hiett Prize in the Humanities from the Dallas Institute of Humanities and Culture. Her book THE DAWN OF DETROIT received the Merle Curti Award in Social History, the James A. Rawley Prize in the History of Race Relations, the James Bradford Best Biography Prize, the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in Nonfiction, an American Book Award, and a Frederick Douglass Book Prize. Additionally, Miles is the author of TIES THAT BIND; THE HOUSE ON DIAMOND HILL; THE CHEROKEE ROSE: A Novel of Gardens and Ghosts; and TALES FROM THE HAUNTED SOUTH, a published lecture series. In addition, Tiya is one of the contributing writers in Ibram X. Kendi & Keisha Blain's February 2021 One World hardcover entitled, 400 SOULS: A Community History of African Americans, 1619-2019.
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Published 2021-06-08 by Random House

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We live in a world that undervalues, ignores, and erases the work and the humanity of Black women. Ashley's Sack, as it is known, with its short and simple message of intergenerational love, becomes a portal through which Tiya Miles views and reimagines the inner lives of Black women. She excavates the history of Black women who face insurmountable odds and invent a language that can travel across time. She unearths how Black women fashion for their daughters sacks and words that will carry them into uncertain futures. All That She Carried is a stunning work of history and humanism, and Tiya Miles is one of our most eloquent chroniclers of the African American experience.

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is named as One of the Best Books of the Year by Atlantic, Ms. Magazine, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the St. Louis Dispatch, the New York Times Critics Top Books, the Boston Globe, BookRiot, Smithsonian Scholars' Favorite Book, the Washington Post, Slate, Time, NPR, Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly!!

Tiya Miles' ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is now a new New York Times Paperback bestseller at #12!! and on #12 on the Indie Bestseller List, Paperback Nonfiction

Tiya Miles uses the tools of her trade to tend to Black people, to Black mothers and daughters, to our wounds, to collective Black love and loss. This book demonstrates Miles' signature genius in its rare balance of both rigor and care.

Chinese (simpl.): People's Literature ; Chinese (compl.): Commercial Press ; Dutch: Singel Uitgeverijen ; Polish: Fundacja Instytut Reportazu

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is One the New York Times Critics Top Books of the Year One of the Boston Globe's Best Books of 2021 One of BookRiot's Best Books of 2021 One of Smithsonian Scholars' Favorite Books of 2021 One of the Washington Post's Ten Best Books of The Year! One of Slate's Ten Best Books of the Year! One of Time's Must-Read Books of 2021! One of NPR's Best Books of the Year! One of Kirkus Reviews's Best Nonfiction Books of the Year! One of Publishers Weekly's Top Ten Books of 2021! One of Vultures Top Ten Books of the Year!

A deeply layered and insightful book... While it may not be traditional history, it is certainly great history. All That She Carried is a broad and bold reflection on American history, African American resilience, and the human capacity for love and perseverance in the face of soul-crushing madness.

All That She Carried is a brilliant exercise in historical excavation and recovery; a successful strike against the traditional archives' erasure of the lives of enslaved African-American women. With creativity, determination, and great insight, Miles illuminates the lives of women who suffered much, but never forgot the importance of love and family.

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is a Finalist for the Kirkus Prize for Nonfiction! Read more...

Q&A with Tiya Miles Read more...

What container can hold so big a thing as love? In what small, silent objects can loss be stored, and passed on, screams of pain, and yet, somehow, too, hushed whispers of solace? In All That She Carried, the peerless Tiya Miles confronts both the staggering anguish and atrocity of American slavery and the still more staggering courage and beauty of the lives she chronicles. A history told with brilliance and tenderness and fearlessness.

Author's Mother's Day Op-Ed: The radical hope of Black motherhood - One family's heirloom reveals a broader legacy: brilliant practicality in the face of terror. Read more...

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED won the National Book Award for Nonfiction! "It feels like an earth-moving kind of experience to have my work on this particular subject recognized in this way," Miles told the Globe. "The subject matter of the book is really what's most important, and the opportunity to introduce ideas and enlarge ideas in the public sphere is so precious." Read more...

ALL THAT SHE CARRIES is nominated for the Stowe Prize 2022 Read more...

[A] deeply and lovingly researched account... As much as All That She Carried is a feminist document of ingenuity, perseverance and abiding care - of not only one mother and daughter but hundreds of thousands of such enslaved women - it is also a lesson on the mechanics of slavery.

All That She Carried is the poignant tale of a family heirloom passed down through generations of Black women... This volume paints the fascinating history of Ashley's sack in a readable, episodic account... a riveting account of how Ashley's sack was rediscovered and traces Ruth's journey through the Great Migration while exploring the family's lineage. Filled with rare, archival photographs of objects from the era, this volume is a natural choice for book clubs and a must-buy for public and academic libraries alike. Read more...

[A] brilliant and compassionate account... With careful historical examination as well as empathetic imagination, Miles effectively demonstrates the dignity and mystery of lives that history often neglects and opens the door to the examination of many untold stories. A strikingly vivid account of the impact of connection on this family and others. Read more...

[A] powerful history of women and slavery.

All That She Carried is a moving literary and visual experience about love between a mother and daughter and about many women descendants down through the years. Above all it is Miles's lyrical story, written in her signature penetrating prose, about the power of objects and memory, as well as human endurance, in the history of slavery. Ashley's sack carries us into another world as it reveals our own. The book is nothing short of a revelation.

With skillful writing, the author carefully explores South Carolina's history of economic dependence on slavery, and discusses the efforts of enslaved people to obtain sustenance and clothing and maintain family connections. Drawing on scant genealogical records and letters from people who were formerly enslaved, as well as research on ornamentation, Miles creates a moving account of three women whose stories might have otherwise been lost to history. Readers interested in often-overlooked lives and experiences, and anyone who cherishes a handcrafted heirloom, will enjoy this fascinating book.

Tiya Miles is a gentle genius. The histories she writes are as deeply feeling as they are brilliantly researched and her writing is both elegant and tender. All That She Carried is a gorgeous book and a model for how to read as well as feel the precious artifacts of Black women's lives.

[Tiya Miles] paints an evocative portrait of slavery and Black family life in this exquisitely crafted history... Miles brilliantly shows how material items possessed the 'ability to house and communicate... emotions like love, values like family, states of being like freedom.' This elegant narrative is a treasure trove of insight and emotion. Read more...

coverage of the NBA:The National Book Award for Nonfiction went to historian Tiya Miles, who won the prize for All That She Carried: The Journey of Ashley's Sack, a Black Family Keepsake. The book traces the winding history of a cotton sack that an enslaved North Carolina woman gave to her nine-year-old daughter in the 1850s, when they were about to be sold apart. Following the sack through three generations of Black women (it's now housed in the National Museum of African American History), Miles tells a story of intergenerational love, loss, and resilience. In her acceptance speech, Miles thanked the women at the center of her story, saying, "I want them to know, and to see, how much they were loved and honored today." Read more...

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is the Winner of various prizes: Winner of the Cundill History Prize! Winner of the Frederick Douglass Prize! Winner of the Ralph Waldo Emerson Award! Winner of the Joan Kelly Memorial Prize! Winner of the Massachusetts Book Award for Nonfiction! Winner of the National Book Award for Nonfiction Winner of the PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for Nonfiction Winner of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Nonfiction Winner of the Organization of American Historians Lawrence W. Levine Award Winner of the Organization of American Historians Darlene Clark Hine Award Finalist for the Kirkus Prize for Nonfiction Finalist for the Mark Lynton History Prize Finalist for the Harriet Tubman Prize Shortlisted for the MAAH Stone Book Award Finalist for the Chautauqua Prize

Only a brilliant storyteller like Tiya Miles could get Ashley's sack to speak across the generations. This story, about an enslaved girl's simple cotton bag and its few embroidered lines, encourages us to pick up our treasured family keepsakes and recognize the love that they contain. Blending urgency, imagination, and poetic prose, All That She Carried is a masterpiece work of African American women's history that reveals what it takes to survive and even thrive. Read this book and then pass it on to someone you love - it is a fitting tribute to Ashley, her mother Rose, and all those foremothers who endured.

All That She Carried is a master class in the use of context in historical writing. Stymied by a lack of records, Miles thinks around the sack from every available angle... Through her interpretation, the humble things in the sack take on ever-greater meaning, its very survival seems magical, and Rose's gift starts to feel momentous in scale.

[An] extraordinary story... Unique and unforgettable, this volume is also a critique of the importance of archives and those who are routinely left out, to the detriment of us all.

A remarkable book, striking a delicate balance between two seemingly incommensurate approaches: Miles's fidelity to her archival material, as she coaxes out facts grounded in the evidence; and her conjectures about this singular object, as she uses what is known about other enslaved women's lives to suppose what could have been.

WINNER OF THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FOR NONFICTION! Read more...

Top Ten Books of 2021 Read more...

[A] sparkling tale of an embroidered bag from 1921... In Miles's artful hands, though, the object is transformed - an embodied memoir of Black women traveling from slavery to freedom, South to North, carrying relics and hopes as they seek new lives.

An Ordinary Treasure: PW Talks with Tiya Miles Read more...

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is the Winner of the PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for Nonfiction! Read more...

South Writ Large interviewed Tiya Miles, historian and author of All That She Carried Read more...

NPR "Here and Now" - Re-Broadcast of November Interview with Scott Tong Read more...

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is a finalist for the ark Lynton History Prize! Read more...

ALL THAT SHE CARRIED is one of Essence 5 Books To Kick Off Black History Month: This tale of a keepsake passed on through generations of Black women led Harvard history professor Tiya Miles to win the 2021 National Book Award for Nonfiction. Read more...